Assessment of Lower Back Pain
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Technical Papers & Abstracts

Turk, D. C., & Swanson, K. S. (Apr. 2008) . Psychological approaches in the treatment of chronic pain patients--when pills, scalpels, and needles are not enough.Canadian Journal Of Psychiatry, 53(4), 213-423. Retrieved from Medline Database.

Flor, H. & Birbaumer, N. (1993). Comparsion of the efficacy of electromyographic biofeedback, cognitive behavioral therapy, and conservative medical interventions in the treatment of chronic muscular skeletal pain. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 653-658.

Gevirtz, R. N., Hubbard, D. R., & Harpin, R. E. (1996). Psychophysiologic treatment of chronic low back ain. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 27, 561-566.

Flor, H., Haag, G., & Turk, D. C. (Nov. 1986). Long-term efficacy of EMG biofeedback for chronic rheumatic back pain. Pain, 27, (2), 195-202. Retrieved from Science Direct Database.

Keefe, A. K., Francis, J.(Sep. 1983) The use of coping strategies in chronic low back pain patients: Relationship to patient characteristics and current adjustment. Pain, 17(1), 33-44.

Carlsson, Anna M.(May 1983) Assessment of chronic pain: I. Aspects of the reliability and validity of the visual analogue scale. Pain. Vol 16(1), 87-101.

4therapy.com (n.d.). Biofeedback: Controlling Pain with Less Need for Medication 4therapy.com

Jepson, N. A. (Apr. 2008). Applications of biofeedback for patients with chronic pain. Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management, 12(2) ,111-114. Retrieved from Medline Database.

Miltner, W., Larbig, W., & Braun, C.(Nov. 1988). Biofeedback of somatosensory event-related potentials: can individual pain sensations be modified by biofeedback-induced self-control of event-related potentials? Pain, 35(2), 205-213. Retrieved from Medline Database.

Levy S. (2008). 3 Ways Biofeedback Helps Patients Control Chronic Pain. Health.com.